海城地震前后大连市防震减灾对策研究     

朱珊珊  宋利萍  张蜜利 《高原地震》2012,24(2):73-76

因海城地震的成功预报,地震前后,大连市政府在组织、思想、物资准备以及防止次生灾害、生命线工程安全检查等方面采取了一系列有效的措施,大大减轻了地震灾害及强余震的影响,树立了我国早期大城市防震减灾的范例,今天仍然有着重要的借鉴价值。  相似文献   

面向防震减灾的人口数据空间化研究——以2007年宁洱地震灾区为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈振拓  李志强  丁文秀  韩贞辉 《震灾防御技术》2012,7(3):273-284

入口是地震灾害的重要受灾体,准确的入口空问分布信息是防震减灾工作的重要依据.本文借助地理信息系统,将人口统计数据与高分辨率遥感数据相结合,应用基于居民地的人口数据空间化方法,模拟人口空间分布.首先根据城市人口—面积异速生长模型的分形几何意义,推导出城乡人口一面积统一模型;进而以2007年宁洱地震灾区为例,在建立居民地分类体系和遥感解译标志的基础上,目视解译获得准确的居民地信息;最后应用城乡人口—面积统一模型获得网格人口密度矢量数据.经检验,本文的结果达到了较高的精度.同时在人口数据空间化完成的基础上,以地震受灾人口估算为例,探讨了人口数据空间化在防震减灾中的应用.研究结果表明,基于网格人口矢量数据的受灾人口估算结果更能客观反映地震灾情,可以为防震减灾和应急救援工作提供可靠的依据.  相似文献   

Effect of structural characteristics distribution on strength demand and ductility reduction factor of MDOF systems considering soil-structure interaction     

Behnoud Ganjavi 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2012,11(2):205-220

It is known that structural stiffness and strength distributions have an important role in the seismic response of buildings.The effect of using different code-specified lateral load patterns on the seismic performance of fixed-base buildings has been investigated by researchers during the past two decades.However,no investigation has yet been carried out for the case of soil-structure systems.In the present study,through intensive parametric analyses of 21,600 linear and nonlinear MDOF systems and considering five different shear strength and stiffness distribution patterns,including three code-specified patterns as well as uniform and concentric patterns subjected to a group of earthquakes recorded on alluvium and soft soils,the effect of structural characteristics distribution on the strength demand and ductility reduction factor of MDOF fixed-base and soil-structure systems are parametrically investigated.The results of this study show that depending on the level of inelasticity,soil flexibility and number of degrees-of-freedoms(DOFs),structural characteristics distribution can significantly affect the strength demand and ductility reduction factor of MDOF systems.It is also found that at high levels of inelasticity,the ductility reduction factor of low-rise MDOF soil-structure systems could be significantly less than that of fixed-base structures and the reduction is less pronounced as the number of stories increases.  相似文献   

基于自由振动响应的基础隔震建筑减震能力评估方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

周光鑫  魏明宇  熊峰  宋进  吕洋 《世界地震工程》2022,38(1):119-126

目前国内外已修建完成了大量隔震建筑,但仅有少量经受了地震检验,绝大部分隔震结构减震能力能否达到设计目标尚存疑问.本文针对基础隔震建筑,提出了一种基于自由振动响应的减震能力评估方法.首先,对隔震建筑进行多级幅值初位移自由振动原位试验,获取结构的抗震能力曲线;其次,根据地震反应谱建立地震需求曲面,进而确定隔震结构性能点;最...  相似文献   

基于广义Hoek-Brown准则的岩体等效强度     

朱志明  章广成  朱娇燕  路辉 《煤田地质与勘探》2012,40(4):52-55

为了更方便地求出岩体的等价粘聚力C和摩擦角φ,基于Hoek-Brown准则与RMR法岩体质量分级,求出不同RMR值下的C和φ,拟合出C和φ的折减系数关于RMR值的变化曲线。结果表明:对于质量等级较好的岩体,根据RMR值可以分别求得岩体的C和φ的折减系数,对已知岩石的C和φ值进行折减,求得岩体的C和φ值。岩体的C值随岩石单轴抗压强度成线性正相关,岩体的φ值不随单轴抗压强度变化而变化。C和φ的折减系数不随岩石的单轴抗压强度变化而变化,只与岩体RMR值有关。   相似文献   

全国地震重点监视防御区县级机构 防震减灾能力对比研究     

吴新燕  高孟潭  伍国春  郎从 《中国地震》2014,30(3):382-389

以中国地震局在2007年和2012年组织的针对全国地震重点监视防御区的两次大规模问卷调查为依据,以东、中、西部9个省的县级防震减灾机构的工作为研究对象,在对组织机构及经费保障、监测预报能力、工程性防御能力、应急准备能力、宣传教育5个方面共16个技术指标进行统计对比的基础上,就地震重点监视防御区制度的实施情况和实施成效从时间上进行对比分析研究.结果表明,几乎所有指标均有不同程度的提高.此外,本文还针对地方防震减灾工作中存在的一些问题,给出了建议.  相似文献   

Peak discharge increase in hyperconcentrated floods     

《Advances in water resources》2014

The peak of river floods usually decreases in the downstream direction unless it is compensated by freshwater inflow from tributaries. In the Yellow River (China) the opposite is regularly observed, where the peak discharge of river floods increases in the downstream direction (at a rate far exceeding the contribution from tributaries). This flood peak discharge increase is probably related to rapid morphological changes, to a modified bed friction, or to a combination of both. Yet the relative role of these processes is still poorly understood. This paper aims to analyze the relative contribution of bed erosion and friction change to the peak discharge increase, based on available data and a recently developed numerical model. Using this high-resolution, fully coupled morphodynamic model of non-capacity sediment transport, two hyperconcentrated floods characterized by downstream peak discharge increase are numerically reproduced and analyzed in detail. The results reveal that although erosion effects may contribute to the downstream discharge increase (especially in case of extreme erosion), for most cases the increase must be mainly due to a reduction in bed friction during peak discharge conditions. Additionally, based on the concept of channel storage reduction, the effects of decreasing bed friction and (very strong) bed erosion can be integrated in explaining the peak discharge increase.  相似文献   

Using an inerter‐based device for structural vibration suppression          下载免费PDF全文

I. F. Lazar  S.A. Neild  D.J. Wagg 《地震工程与结构动力学》2014,43(8):1129-1147

This paper proposes the use of a novel type of passive vibration control system to reduce vibrations in civil engineering structures subject to base excitation. The new system is based on the inerter, a device that was initially developed for high‐performance suspensions in Formula 1 racing cars. The principal advantage of the inerter is that a high level of vibration isolation can be achieved with low amounts of added mass. This feature makes it an attractive potential alternative to traditional tuned mass dampers (TMDs). In this paper, the inerter system is modelled inside a multi‐storey building and is located on braces between adjacent storeys. Numerical results show that an excellent level of vibration reduction is achieved, potentially offering improvement over TMDs. The inerter‐based system is compared to a TMD system by using a range of base excitation inputs, including an earthquake signal, to demonstrate how the performance could potentially be improved by using an inerter instead of a TMD. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

锦屏一级水电站左岸坝肩边坡施工期稳定分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

漆祖芳  姜清辉  唐志丹  周创兵 《岩土力学》2012,33(2):531-538

锦屏一级水电站左岸坝肩高陡边坡地质条件复杂、主要发育有f5、f8、f42-9断层,煌斑岩脉X,顺坡卸荷裂隙及深部裂缝等结构面,其中断层f42-9、煌斑岩脉X和深部裂缝SL44-1组合形成的左岸坝头拉裂变形体,在边坡施工期的稳定性问题突出,特别是当边坡开挖至1 780 m高程时拉裂变形体前沿剪出口阻滑岩体被完全挖除,f42-9断层在开挖坡面出露,拉裂变形体稳定条件恶化,稳定性急剧下降。采用考虑开挖过程的有限元强度折减法分析开挖边坡在施工期的稳定性,并提出了一种新的边坡失稳判据：通过滑体内关键部位测点水平位移随折减系数的变化率,即水平位移增量与强度折减系数增量之比值 和强度折减系数 关系曲线的突变点来确定边坡的临界失稳状态。通过与其他边坡失稳判据相比较,验证了该判据的合理性和实用性,同时基于该判据计算了边坡开挖加固至不同高程下的稳定安全系数,合理评价左坝肩边坡施工期的整体稳定与安全性。  相似文献   

基于流固耦合理论某尾矿坝失稳特性及稳定性分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李强  张力霆  齐清兰  周占磊 《岩土力学》2012,33(Z2):243-250

选用典型的尾矿库工程实例,采用流固耦合和强度折减法相结合对其尾矿坝进行稳定性分析,确定尾矿库渗流场分布及浸润线的位置,该浸润线位置与实测浸润线位置吻合较好。建议强度折减过程中尾矿坝的失稳准则,计算安全系数,确定潜在滑裂面的位置,并与极限平衡法计算出的安全系数及临界滑裂面位置进行比较,表明强度折减法得出的结果与Bishop法结果接近,流固耦合-强度折减法在尾矿库稳定性分析的可行性。在该基础上研究尾矿坝潜在的失稳模式,将尾矿坝潜在的失稳模式分为局部失稳和整体性失稳两种,局部失稳为尾矿坝的部分坝面发生滑移,整体失稳为整个尾矿坝坝体发生失稳,并分析导致该尾矿坝两种失稳模式的主要因素,认为浸润线埋深过浅是导致局部失稳的主要原因。  相似文献